Austrian history in a nutshell: characterised by good and bad times!

Here are five facts about Austria's history you need to know:

1. Habsburg Monarchy:

The Habsburg dynasty, one of Europe's most influential royal families, ruled Austria for over 600 years from 1278 until 1918. Under their rule, the Habsburg Monarchy expanded its territories to include not only present-day Austria but also parts of modern-day Italy, Germany, Czech Republic, Hungary, and others. The family's vast empire was often referred to as "The Empire on which the Sun never sets" due to its extensive dominions.

2. Maria Theresa

One of the most notable rulers of the Habsburg Monarchy was Maria Theresa (1717-1780). She became the Archduchess of Austria and Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, among other titles. Maria Theresa implemented significant reforms in education, taxation, and governance. Her reign was marked by the War of Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War, but she managed to stabilize and strengthen the Habsburg territories.

3. Dual Monarchy (Austria-Hungary)

In 1867, the Austro-Hungarian Compromise (also known as the Ausgleich) established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. This compromise created a dual system of government, where Austria and Hungary were separate states with their own parliaments and administrations. While the Habsburg ruler remained the same for both parts of the monarchy, each had its own government and constitution.

Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Location_Austria_Hungary_1914.png

4. End of the Monarchy

The end of the Habsburg Monarchy came after World War I. The defeat of Austria-Hungary in the war led to the dissolution of the empire. On November 11, 1918, Emperor Charles I (Karl I) renounced participation in state affairs, effectively ending the Habsburg rule. Austria became a republic, and the empire's territories were divided among newly formed or existing nations, leading to the redrawing of borders in Central Europe.

5. Anschluss and World War II - the dark side of history

In 1938, Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in an event known as the Anschluss. This annexation violated the Treaty of Versailles and resulted in Austria becoming part of the Greater German Reich. The annexation was followed by a period of German occupation and repression. After World War II, Austria was occupied by Allied forces and eventually regained its independence, establishing itself as a neutral state during the Cold War era.